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The idea of a knowledge ecosystem is an approach to knowledge management which claims to foster the dynamic evolution of knowledge interactions between entities to improve decision-making and innovation through improved evolutionary networks of collaboration.〔 Paul Shrivastava (1998) (Knowledge Ecology: Knowledge Ecosystems for Business Education and Training ) 〕〔 David A. Bray (2007) (Knowledge Ecosystems: A Theoretical Lens for Organizations Confronting Hyperturbulent Environments ) 〕 In contrast to purely directive management efforts that attempt either to manage or direct outcomes, knowledge ecosystems espouse that knowledge strategies should focus more on enabling self-organization in response to changing environments.〔 Jae-Suk Yang, Seungbyung Chae, Wooseop Kwak, Sun-Bin Kim, and In-mook Kim (2009). (Agent-Based Approach for Revitalization Strategy of Knowledge Ecosystem ) J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 78 〕 The suitability between knowledge and problems confronted defines the degree of "fitness" of a knowledge ecosystem. Articles discussing such ecological approaches typically incorporate elements of complex adaptive systems theory. Known implementation considerations of knowledge ecosystem include the Canadian Government.〔 William F. Birdsall et al. (2005). (Chapter 7: Towards an Integrated Knowledge Ecosystem: A Research Strategy ) in Towards an Integrated Knowledge Ecosystem: A Canadian Research Strategy, A Report Submitted to the Canadian Association of Research Libraries 〕 == Key Elements == To understand knowledge ecology as a productive operation, it is helpful to focus on the knowledge ecosystem that lies at its core. Like natural ecosystems, these knowledge ecosystems have inputs, throughputs and outputs operating in open exchange relationship with their environments. Multiple layers and levels of systems may be integrated to form a complete ecosystem. These systems consist of interlinked knowledge resources, databases, human experts, and artificial knowledge agents that collectively provide an online knowledge for anywhere anytime performance of organizational tasks. The availability of knowledge on an anywhere-anytime basis blurs the line between learning and work performance. Both can occur simultaneously and sometimes interchangeably.〔 Paul Shrivastava. (Knowledge Ecology: Knowledge Ecosystems for Business Education and Training ). 〕 Key elements of networked knowledge systems〔 Homa Bahrami,J. Stuart Evans (2005). (The Research Laboratory: Silicon Valley's Knowledge Ecosystem ), in (Super-Flexibility for Knowledge Enterprises ). Springer 〕 include: 1. Core Technologies:〔 Manzalini, A. Stavdas, A. (2008). (A Service and Knowledge Ecosystem for Telco3.0-Web3.0 Applications ) 〕 Knowledge ecosystems operate on two types of technological core - one dealing with the content or substantive knowledge of the industry, and the other involving computer hardware and software and telecommunications, that serve as the "procedural technology" of operations. These technologies provide knowledge management capabilities that are far beyond individual human capacity. In the business education and training context substantive technology would be knowledge of different business functions, tasks, processes products, R&D, markets, finances and relations. Research, codification, documentation, publication and electronic sharing create this substantive knowledge. Communications between computers and among humans permit knowledge ecosystems to be interactive and responsive within the wider community and within its subsystems. 2. Critical Interdependencies:〔 Bray, David A., Croxson, Karen, Dutton, William H. and Konsynski, Benn, Sermo (2008). (Sermo: A Community-Based, Knowledge Ecosystem ). Oll Distributed Problem-Solving Networks Conference, February 2008 〕 Organizational knowledge resides in a complex network of individuals, systems and procedures both inside and outside the organization. This network is established in the form of social and technological relationships. The relationships reflect vital interests and mutual histories. The elements of the network are dependent on each other for resources and mutual survival. Accessing and using this knowledge network involves understanding and maintaining the integrity of underlying relationships. 3. Knowledge Engines and Agents:〔 Shrivastava, Paul (1998). (Implementing Socrates Knowledge Management System for Education and Training ) 〕 This refers to the system of creating knowledge including the research and development processes, experts, operational managers/administrators, software systems, archival knowledge resources and databases. Knowledge agents are independent software systems that perform dedicated organizational knowledge functions. In the case of business education knowledge ecosystem these engines and agents include, researchers, faculty or trainers, WWW information resources, corporate and industry data bases, and software systems for accomplishing specific strategic tasks. 4. Performative Actions:〔 〕 Organizational knowledge is converted into economic value through processes that involve action. These could be cognitive actions such as learning or deciding, or physical actions such as preparing a meal or writing a check, and social actions such as organizing or entertaining. Organizational tasks most often require all these and other types of actions to occur in a linked way for value to be created. They occur in the physical spaces, electronic spaces, economic transactions, and communicative exchanges of knowledge tasks. They contribute to achievement of organizational goals. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Knowledge ecosystem」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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